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- <text id=90TT3372>
- <title>
- Dec. 17, 1990: Lost In The Fog
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Dec. 17, 1990 The Sleep Gap
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- NATION, Page 52
- Lost in the Fog
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Two airliners collide on a Detroit runway, killing eight and
- raising alarms about on-the-ground safety at U.S. airports
- </p>
- <p>By ED MAGNUSON--Reported by S.C. Gwynne/Detroit and Jerry
- Hannifin/Washington
- </p>
- <p> Despite justifiable worries about close calls in the sky,
- the collision of two Northwest airliners at Detroit's Metro
- Airport last week suggests that airplane passengers face grave
- danger even on the ground. The accident, in which eight people
- were killed and 24 injured, raised a life-and-death question:
- If runways are so foggy that a pilot can miss two turns and
- wind up in the path of a plane rolling toward takeoff, why is
- the airport still open?
- </p>
- <p> Landings had been banned at Metro because of the fog, but
- takeoffs were allowed to continue because visibility on the
- runways was declared to be above the required quarter-mile
- minimum. Captain William Lovelace, making only his 13th flight
- after a five-year absence (he had left to get treatment for a
- kidney-stone ailment and later opened a gift shop), apparently
- became disoriented in the murk shortly after pulling his DC-9
- away from the gate. According to investigators, he made a left
- turn onto a wrong taxiway, then failed to turn right onto a
- second taxiway that would have led him back to his assigned
- takeoff point. His delayed right turn placed him on the active
- takeoff runway (3 Center).
- </p>
- <p> A ground controller in the tower, unable to see Lovelace's
- Flight 1482 in the fog, asked First Officer James Schifferns,
- who was at the DC-9's radio, "Northwest, are you clear of
- Runway 3 Center?"
- </p>
- <p> Schifferns: "It looks like we're on 21 Center [the
- designation for the opposite direction on 3 Center]."
- </p>
- <p> Tower: "Northwest one-four-eight-two, if you're on 21
- Center, exit that runway immediately, sir." Then came a shouted
- command from the tower: "Get off there!" Lovelace, busy at the
- controls, said later he did not hear his copilot tell the tower
- they were on the runway, or he would have "gone for the weeds,"
- meaning roll off the runway and onto the grass.
- </p>
- <p> In the tower a supervisor barked, "Stop all aircraft! Stop
- all aircraft!"
- </p>
- <p> Too late. Northwest Flight 299, a 727 carrying 153 people,
- had just been cleared for takeoff, and was already roaring
- toward the DC-9. Unable to get above the lost aircraft, pilot
- Robert Ouellette felt his right wing rip into the DC-9's cabin
- and tear off one of its tail engines. Despite his shattered
- wing, Ouellette skillfully retained control and braked to a
- stop. Said an aide at the National Transportation Safety Board:
- "He damn well could have cartwheeled down the runway into
- another fireball. He saved his people."
- </p>
- <p> The 44 occupants of the DC-9 were not so fortunate. Smoke
- and toxic fumes engulfed the cabin as flames flickered from the
- tail section. "The explosion came from the back of the plane,"
- recalled passenger Fred Guyor. "Suddenly all this shrapnel came
- flying overhead, like a wave in the ocean." The survivors
- poured out of two exits, some breaking bones as they jumped
- when an evacuation chute failed to open.
- </p>
- <p> Why had takeoffs been permitted? One pilot traveling as a
- passenger on the 727 insisted that visibility had been less
- than a quarter-mile. Francis McKelvey, an airport designer and
- engineering professor at Michigan State, said it is time for
- aviation officials to ask "whether you should be operating an
- airport if you can't see all the surfaces on which aircraft are
- moving."
- </p>
- <p> Compared with collision-avoidance safeguards in the air,
- those on the ground are primitive. Only 12 U.S. airports have
- ground radar (Detroit does not), but it is unreliable,
- 1960s-vintage equipment. A more modern radar is being tested
- in Pittsburgh, but technical bugs have delayed its deployment
- at other airports. A network of stop-and-go signal lights at
- taxiway and runway intersections has been tried at New York
- City's Kennedy Airport, but it was discontinued when its
- slowness contributed to delays. London's often foggy Heathrow,
- by contrast, has both the new radar and the signals.
- </p>
- <p> Pilots have long complained about confusing ground markings
- at Detroit Metro. Contends Jerome Lederer, a veteran
- aviation-safety expert: "It may be time to consider a new
- category in fatal crashes, called `government-induced
- accidents,' where failures by federal or local authorities
- contribute to the probable cause. Think of the reaction in
- Congress if a Senator or Representative had been killed."
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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